AI investing is often described through the companies that build models, chips, or data centers. Those layers matter, but they are not the end market. The economic payoff appears when AI is embedded in the software, workflows, and products that
Artificial intelligence is not a single product category. It is a layered economic system in which each layer depends on the infrastructure beneath it. As outlined in the anchor post for this eight-part series, the chain progresses from physical resources
Artificial intelligence is often presented as a narrow investment theme centered on semiconductor companies, cloud platforms, and software developers. That view is incomplete. AI is a physical and economic system. It requires minerals, electricity, transmission capacity, buildings, cooling equipment, chips,
