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Peter Locke

Backdoor Roth 

If you’re looking for tax free income in retirement getting as much money into your Roth is the way to go. Tax free growth turns into tax free income. Executing on backdoor Roth strategies can be a little confusing but the math is highly predictive. If it’s right for you, it will support the broader tax strategy in retirement. When you retire most people think their tax rates will go down substantially. However, for those that have done a great job saving in their 401ks and IRAs, building their rental property empire, acquiring high growth assets, or anyway that’s not an asset in a tax-free account then you’re probably going to stay in a high income bracket throughout retirement. When you take into consideration social security, pensions, RMDs, and rental incomes you may have a difficult time not paying a large percent to the government. If you’re trying to sustain an income of $100,000 in retirement you cannot simply take out $100,000 from your 401ks and IRAs without losing a large chunk of it to taxes. So you’ll have to take out more and more each year in order to sustain your income due to inflation. However, if you’re receiving $100,000 per year from your Roth IRA then you’ll dramatically reduce your effective tax rate for your other tax-deferred distributions due to the Roth distributions being tax free. Unfortunately, for those high earners you may be thinking it’s not feasible or a smart strategy. I am here to tell you that for some it truly doesn’t make sense but for the majority of people it does and here’s how. If you’re in the 35%+ tax bracket this is a difficult decision; however, if time is on your side it still may be a good idea. For those that are in less than a ~35% tax bracket you’re in a great spot. First, let’s tackle the 35%+ individuals and families. For high income earners, you have a couple of options. Invest a portion of your 401k contributions to your Roth 401k each year. Some clients like doing a half and half strategy where half goes to the pre-tax 401k and half goes to their Roth 401k up to the annual 415(c) limits. That way, they’re taking advantage of some tax deduction but not fully. Another way is to do a Roth conversion or a backdoor Roth  conversion. Now be very careful here, because if you have rolled your 401k into your IRA then certain rules apply to you which I will touch on. You cannot make a Roth contribution if you file single and make over $139,000 (2020) and can only make a partial contribution if you make between $124,000 – $139,000 (tax year 2020). If you’re married and file jointly, your phase out is between $196,000-$206,000 (tax year 2020), meaning if you make over $206,000 then you’re ineligible. So here’s what you can do: A Roth conversion is taking money from your deductible pre-tax IRA and converting it into a Roth. You pay income tax now and the money grows tax deferred for life.  You can withdraw that money penalty free after the age of 59.5 or earlier if it’s a qualified distribution. A backdoor Roth conversion is when you make a non-deductible contribution to an IRA and convert that money into a Roth. The great thing about this strategy is any person with any income can make a non-deductible or after-tax contribution (a contribution that doesn’t reduce your current year tax liability). Before you do this you MUST understand this key rule. If you have a traditional IRA or rollover IRA (not 401k), then you must do a pro rata conversion, which for most, isn’t a great option. For example, I have 100k in my IRA and I open a non-deductible IRA and contribute the annual limit ($6,000 if I am under the age of 50 and $7,000 if I am 50+) and want to convert my $6,000 over since I already paid taxes on it and I want it to grow tax free. Well the IRS doesn’t allow you to just convert the after-tax/non-deductible contribution on it’s own and forces you to take a portion of both. In this case, $6,000 makes up 6% of all my IRA money so then I can only convert 6% of my after-tax contribution to my Roth and the rest has to come from my deductible pre-tax IRA because the IRS wants its money now forcing you to pay income tax when you didn’t want to. Don’t worry, you’re not out of luck. If, let’s say, you only have money in a 401k, then you can do a backdoor Roth conversion now. However, if you moved your 401k into an IRA and haven’t contributed any more to it then you could move that money back into a 401k at your current employer or a solo 401k if you’re self-employed and don’t have employees. By doing this, you no longer have to do the prorated conversion and are eligible to make non-deductible contributions and convert them immediately to a Roth. Before you do this, please consult with a tax advisor as we’re not tax professionals. For those that aren’t earning over the income thresholds set out by the IRS each year, you can simply contribute directly to a Roth without all these extra steps. Keep in mind that you’re only allowed to make one contribution or multiple contributions for a total of the annual limit to either the IRA or the Roth (or split the total to both). If you’re under the income threshold then contributing to a Roth may be best but consult with a tax advisor first. Converting money by using a backdoor Roth strategy is similar to delaying social security. After a certain amount of years and growth you break even and it starts paying off. So, if you’re older and your life expectancy isn’t expected to be very long this option may not be for you unless you

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Kevin Taylor

The Ultimate Guide to Financial Clarity: Why Your $1M+ AUM Needs a Discovery Process

Achieving a milestone of $1 million or more in assets under management (AUM) is a significant financial accomplishment. However, reaching this threshold often introduces a level of complexity that traditional, transactional financial advice is ill-equipped to handle. For high-net-worth individuals, the challenge shifts from mere accumulation to the sophisticated coordination of disparate financial elements. Without a rigorous, process-driven approach, wealth can become fragmented, leading to inefficiencies, unnecessary tax exposure, and a lack of overall direction. At InSight Financial Planners, we recognize that clarity is the most valuable commodity for our clients. This clarity is not achieved by chance; it is the direct result of our proprietary InSight-Full® process. Specifically, the initial stages: Discovery and Organize & Formalize: serve as the foundation for all strategic decision-making. This guide explores why a structured discovery process is indispensable for managing significant wealth and how our methodology transforms complexity into a coherent, actionable plan. The Complexity of the $1M+ Portfolio When assets exceed the million-dollar mark, the financial landscape changes. You are no longer simply managing a 401k and a primary residence. Instead, you are likely navigating a web of diversified investments, executive compensation packages, multiple real estate holdings, and complex tax considerations. Fragmentation is the primary risk at this level. Many investors have an accountant who handles taxes, an attorney who drafted a will years ago, and perhaps multiple brokerage accounts managed by different entities. When these components do not communicate, the result is a “financial junk drawer.” Inefficiency thrives in the gaps between these silos. A comprehensive discovery process is the only mechanism capable of identifying these gaps and ensuring that every dollar is working toward a unified objective. Phase 1: The Discovery Stage – Defining the “Why” The Discovery stage of the InSight-Full® process is a deep-dive investigation into the client’s current reality and future aspirations. It is a departure from the industry standard of “asset gathering.” Instead of focusing solely on the balance sheet, we prioritize understanding the human elements that drive financial decisions. Identifying Values and Objectives We begin by articulating the core values that govern your relationship with money. Are you focused on multi-generational legacy? Do you prioritize philanthropic impact? Is your primary goal the absolute protection of lifestyle during retirement? By identifying these values early, we ensure that the subsequent financial strategy is an extension of your personal philosophy. Assessing Risks and Constraints Discovery involves a candid assessment of potential threats. This includes market volatility, but also extends to longevity risk, liability exposure, and the impact of inflation. For clients with significant AUM, the “cost of a mistake” is substantially higher. We analyze current insurance coverages and legal structures to ensure that the wealth you have built is adequately protected. Establishing the Baseline To move forward, we must have an uncompromisingly accurate view of the present. This involves a thorough review of all assets, liabilities, cash flow patterns, and existing estate documents. This baseline allows us to measure progress with precision as the relationship evolves. Phase 2: Organize & Formalize – Creating the Structure Once the Discovery phase has provided the necessary data and context, we transition into the Organize & Formalize stage. This is where the raw information is synthesized into a structured framework. For many clients, this is the moment where “financial noise” finally settles into a clear signal. Account Aggregation and Integration A hallmark of the Organize & Formalize stage is the centralizing of financial information. We utilize advanced technology to aggregate accounts, providing a single-pane-of-glass view of your entire net worth. This level of organization is essential for identifying over-concentration in specific sectors or overlapping investment strategies that may be increasing risk without a corresponding increase in expected return. The Formalization of Strategy Clarity requires documentation. During this stage, we formalize the Investment Policy Statement (IPS) and the overarching Financial Plan. These documents serve as the “constitution” for your wealth. They define the parameters for asset allocation, rebalancing frequencies, and the specific criteria for making adjustments. This removes emotional volatility from the decision-making process, replacing it with a disciplined, evidence-based methodology. Coordination with External Professionals High-net-worth management is a team sport. The Organize & Formalize stage involves proactive outreach to your CPA and estate attorney. By acting as the “Chief Financial Officer” of your household, InSight Financial Planners ensures that your tax strategy is aligned with your investment strategy and that your estate plan reflects your current asset structure. This cross-disciplinary coordination is where true financial efficiency is found. The Tangible Benefits of the InSight-Full® Approach The primary objective of our process is to provide peace of mind through rigorous oversight. When a client moves through the Discovery and Organize & Formalize stages, the benefits are both psychological and mathematical. Optimization of Tax Liability: By viewing the entire portfolio holistically, we can implement strategies such as tax-loss harvesting, strategic asset location, and charitable giving techniques that are often overlooked in fragmented portfolios. Increased Control: Organization leads to control. When you understand exactly where your assets are, how they are performing, and what they are intended to accomplish, you can make decisions from a position of strength rather than uncertainty. Efficiency and Cost Reduction: Eliminating redundant accounts and streamlining investment vehicles can often lead to a reduction in internal expenses and administrative burdens. Legacy Readiness: A formalized plan ensures that your heirs and beneficiaries are not left with a chaotic puzzle. The InSight-Full® process builds a legacy that is structured, intentional, and easy to navigate. Establishing a Disciplined Partnership The transition to a $1M+ AUM portfolio necessitates a shift in mindset. It requires moving away from reactive “stock picking” toward a proactive, process-driven partnership. The InSight-Full® process is designed to be a long-term, disciplined framework characterized by regular oversight and steady progress. Financial clarity is not a destination; it is a continuous state maintained through professional diligence. By engaging in a rigorous Discovery process, you are not just organizing your money; you are securing your future. At InSight Financial Planners, we remain committed

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Articles
Peter Locke

How do the rich pay less in taxes than you?

A large number, if not the majority of our clients at InSight come to us looking for ways to mitigate their tax liability. While a CPA will find backward-looking ways to lower your tax liability, our clients are working to build a tax ecosystem that mitigates current and future instances of tax risk. Although their salary and bonuses are high, their take-home pay is a mere fraction of that. Now, I am no Allen Weisselberg, but I have found many ways after a decade in the industry to help clients pay far less in taxes than they do today. This article will provide several solutions that you’ll need to investigate further and talk with your tax professional more if you’re trying to implement them. Cash Balance Plans Are you a business owner or high-income earner at a small business? Implementing a cash balance plan in conjunction with a 401(k) profit-sharing plan can help high-income earners defer more than $400,000. Now many may say deferring just means I have to pay it later which is correct, however, later also means you get tax-deferred growth and that same person will also most likely be in a much lower tax bracket once they’re retired and not taking a salary. Life Insurance Come on, really? Absolutely! Do you ever wonder how the rich stay rich? They own permanent life insurance that enables them to borrow against their own money while simultaneously getting tax-free income. Additionally, providing a death benefit for your heirs means helping pay estate taxes with a lump sum death benefit for those lucky enough to have a very high net worth and want their legacy to live on for generations. Additionally, some banks enable you to use life insurance as collateral for loans which is a win-win especially if you have a non-direct dividend policy. Mega Backdoor Roth IRA Ever wondered how to get more money into your Roth 401(k)? Wouldn’t it be nice to add up to $64,500 into your Roth 401(k) each year? The answer is a resounding YES. At InSight, we help business owners change their 401(k) plans to enable after-tax contributions and in-plan rollovers so that you can store away an incredible amount of money today and get TAX-FREE money back in retirement. This strategy combined with a Cash Balance Plan is the one-two punch you’re looking for. Opportunity Zone Funds Use your capital gain proceeds from a recent sale and invest it into opportunity zone funds, real estate or businesses. The benefit now is the ability to defer your current tax liability until 2026 while also receiving tax-free growth on your investment after holding it for 10 years. This is a program that allows them to mitigate the past liability and avoid some of the taxes they will owe as the new asset grows in value. Private Placement Life Insurance An incredible way to fund a life insurance product that gives you tax-free growth and access to the cash value. The reason the rich like using this form of tax-free growth is it gives them the freedom and flexibility to fund other real estate ventures, grow their brokerage, or find other investments. This is only available for ultra-high net worth individuals. Debt It’s no surprise that those that have an appetite for risk and the ability to take it, accrue large amounts of debt instead of selling appreciated assets to grow their net worth. Most people want to pay off their debt as quickly as possible and this usually makes sense for those with high-interest erosive debt. However, if you accumulate accretive debt at extremely low-interest rates then your probability of success in terms of appreciation in net worth is high. For example, if you can borrow money against a business, bank, home, friend, etc at 2%-6% and reinvest that into something that averages 8%-12% then you have a positive delta in your return and you didn’t have to sell anything (i.e pay taxes on gains) to grow your net worth. These are just a few of the popular strategies we’ve implemented for clients in the past but they’re not appropriate for everyone. Make sure you speak with your CFP® and tax professional before implementing any of these strategies as they’re complex and if done incorrectly can be extremely detrimental.

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