The “Big Beautiful Bill” (OBBBA) reshaped the Qualified Opportunity Zone (QOZ) program, a tax incentive first introduced in 2017 to encourage investment in designated low-income communities. While the original program was set to expire in 2026, OBBBA created a more permanent version starting in 2027, with updated rules and a narrower focus.

Background: How Opportunity Zones Work

Qualified Opportunity Funds (QOFs) allow investors to reinvest capital gains (from stocks, real estate, or other appreciated property) into designated QOZs. In return, investors receive tax benefits:

• Deferral of capital gains until the earlier of a sale or the statutory deadline
  
• Basis step-ups that reduce taxable gains after certain holding periods
  
• Exclusion of appreciation on the new investment if held long-term

The original program offered up to a 15% step-up on deferred gains and total exclusion of appreciation after 10 years.

What Changes Under OBBBA

• New designations every 10 years: States can select new QOZs beginning in 2026.
  
• Stricter eligibility: Qualifying communities must have a median income below 70% of the state or metro median (down from 80% under prior rules).
  
• Deferral period: Starting in 2027, investors can defer gains for up to five years or until the asset is sold.
  
• Step-ups:
  
  • 10% basis step-up for QOFs held five years
    
  • 30% basis step-up for QOFs investing at least 90% in rural zones
    
• 10-year exclusion: As before, appreciation on the QOF itself can be excluded if held for more than 10 years (though gains after 30 years become taxable).

Planning consideration: Investors with existing QOF deferrals from 2018–2021 will still see those gains come due in 2026; OBBBA does not extend them.

Why It Matters for Boulder

Boulder and its surrounding neighborhoods already have multiple areas that qualify as Opportunity Zones. With new designations opening in 2026, additional communities along the Front Range and beyond could also be added.

For Boulder investors, this means the ability to:

• Reinvest capital gains into local projects that support economic development
  
• Diversify portfolios into real estate or small business ventures close to home
  
• Combine tax efficiency with meaningful community impact

Planning consideration: The enhanced 30% step-up for rural investments may make Colorado’s mountain towns and rural counties especially compelling for investors seeking both return potential and tax benefits.

The Bottom Line

OBBBA makes the Opportunity Zone program a long-term fixture, but with stricter rules and shorter deferral windows. Investors in Boulder should keep an eye on which Colorado communities are designated in 2026, especially rural areas where the tax benefits are greatest.

Map for use: Certified Economic Opportunity Zones

For investors with upcoming capital gains, planning ahead for 2027 and beyond could open new opportunities to combine tax strategy with community investment.